Process for hydroformylation of olefins using Pt and iodine or bromine

ABSTRACT

Process for hydroformylation of olefins using Pt and iodine or bromine.

The present invention relates to a process for hydroformylation of olefins using Pt and iodine or bromine.

C. Botteghi et al., Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 200, (2003), 147-156 describes the use of Pt(Xantphos)Cl₂ for hydroformylation of 2-tosyloxystyrene.

The problem addressed by the present invention is that of providing a novel hydroformylation process. The process here is to afford an increased yield compared to the process known from the prior art using Pt with Cl₂.

This object is achieved by a process according to claim 1.

Process comprising the process steps of:

a) initially charging an olefin;

b) adding a compound of formula (I):

where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ are selected from: —H, —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl, —(C₆-C₂₀)-aryl, and R⁹, R¹⁰ are selected from: —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl, —(C₆-C₂₀)-aryl, and, if R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ are —(C₆-C₂₀)-aryl, the aryl ring may have substituents selected from: —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl, —O—(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl;

c) adding a Pt compound capable of forming a complex;

d) adding an iodine compound or bromine compound;

e) feeding in CO and H₂;

f) heating the reaction mixture from steps a) to e), to convert the olefin to an aldehyde.

In this process, process steps a) to e) can be effected in any desired sequence. Typically, however, CO and H₂ are added after the co-reactants have been initially charged in steps a) to d).

It is possible here for process steps c) and d) to be effected in one step by adding PtI₂ or PtBr₂. In a preferred variant of the process, the Pt compound and the iodine compound or bromine compound are added in one step by adding PtI₂ or PtBr₂.

The expression (C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl encompasses straight-chain and branched alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. These are preferably (C₁-C₈-alkyl groups, more preferably (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, most preferably (C₁-C₄)-alkyl.

Suitable (C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl groups are especially methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, n-heptyl, 2-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 1-propylbutyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-propylheptyl, nonyl, decyl.

The expression (C₆-C₂₀) -aryl encompasses mono- or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbyl radicals having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. These are preferably (C₆-C₁₄)-aryl, more preferably (C₆-C₁₀)-aryl.

Suitable (C₆-C₂₀) -aryl groups are especially phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, naphthacenyl, chrysenyl, pyrenyl, coronenyl. Preferred C₆-C₂₀-aryl groups are phenyl, naphthyl and anthracenyl.

In one variant of the process, R², R³, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ are selected from: —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl, -(C₆-C₂₀)-aryl.

In one variant of the process, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ are —(C₆-C₂₀)-aryl.

In one variant of the process, R⁵ and R⁶ are different radicals and R⁷ and R⁸ are different radicals.

In one variant of the process, R² and R³ are —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl.

In one variant of the process, R² and R³ are —CH₃.

In one variant of the process, R¹ and R⁴ are each —H.

In one variant of the process, R⁹ and R¹⁰are —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl.

In one variant of the process, R⁹ and R¹⁰are —^(t)Bu.

In one variant of the process, the compound (I) has the structure (1):

In one variant of the process, the Pt compound is selected from: Pt(II)I₂, Pt(II)Br₂, Pt(IV)I₄, Pt(IV)Br₄, diphenyl(1,5-COD)Pt(II), Pt(II)(acac)₂, Pt(0)(PPh₃)₄, Pt(0)(DVTS) solution (CAS:68478-92-2), Pt(0)(ethylene)(PPh₃)₂, Pt(II)Br₂(COD), tris(benzylideneacetone)Pt(0), Pt(II)(OAC)₂ solution, Pt(0)(t-Bu)₂, Pt(II)(COD)Me₂, Pt(II)(COD)I₂, Pt(IV)IMe₃, Pt(II)(hexafluoroacetylacetonate)_(2.)

In one variant of the process, the Pt compound is selected from: Pt(III)I₂, Pt(II)Br₂.

In one variant of the process, the iodine compound or the bromine compound is selected from: alkali metal halide, alkaline earth metal halide, NH₄X, alkylammonium halide, dialkyl halide, trialkyl halide, tetraalkyl halide, cycloalkylammonium halide.

In one variant of the process, an iodine compound is added in process step d).

In one variant of the process, the iodine compound is Pt(II)I₂.

In one variant of the process, the iodine compound is added in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 10, measured in equivalents based on Pt.

In one variant of the process, a bromine compound is added in process step d).

In one variant of the process, the bromine compound is Pt(II)Br₂.

In one variant of the process, the bromine compound is added in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 10, measured in equivalents based on Pt.

In one variant of the process, this process comprises the additional process step e′): e′) adding a solvent.

In one variant of the process, the solvent is selected from: THF, DCM, ACN, heptane, DMF, toluene, texanol, pentane, hexane, octane, isooctane, decane, dodecane, cyclohexane, benzene, xylene, Marlotherm, propylene carbonate, MTBE, diglyme, triglyme, diethyl ether, dioxane, isopropanol, tert-butanol, isononanol, isobutanol, isopentanol, ethyl acetate.

In one variant of the process, the solvent is selected from: THF, DCM, ACN, heptane, DMF, toluene, texanol.

In one variant of the process, CO and H₂ is fed in at a pressure in a range from 1 MPa (10 bar) to 6 MPa (60 bar).

In one variant of the process, CO and H₂ is fed in at a pressure in a range from 1 MPa (20 bar) to 6 MPa (50 bar).

In one variant of the process, the mixture is heated at a temperature in the range from 25° C. to 150° C.

In one variant of the process, the mixture is heated at a temperature in the range from 30° C. to 130° C.

In one variant of the process, the olefin is selected from: ethene, propene, 1-butene, cis-and/or trans-2-butene, isobutene, 1,3-butadiene, 1-pentene, cis- and/or trans-2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, hexene, tetramethylethylene, heptene, 1-octene, 2-octene, di-n-butene, or mixtures thereof.

The invention shall be elucidated in more detail hereinbelow with reference to working examples.

EXPERIMENTAL DESCRIPTION

A vial was charged with PtX₂ (X=halogen), ligand, and an oven-dried stirrer bar. The vial is then sealed with a septum (PTFE-coated styrene-butadiene rubber) and phenolic resin cap. The vial is evacuated and refilled with argon three times. Toluene and 1-octene were added to the vial using a syringe. The vial was placed in an alloy plate, which was transferred to an autoclave of the 4560 series from Parr Instruments under an argon atmosphere. After purging the autoclave three times with CO/H₂, the synthesis gas pressure was increased to 40 bar at room temperature. The reaction was conducted at 80° C. for 18 h. On termination of the reaction, the autoclave was cooled to room temperature and cautiously decompressed. Yield and selectivity were determined by GC analysis.

Variation of the Halogen

Reaction Conditions:

1.0 mmol of 1-octene, 0.5 mol % of PtX₂, 2.0 equivalents of ligand (1), solvent: toluene, p(CO/H₂): 40 bar, T: 80° C., t: 18 h.

Yields:

Ligand Halogen Yield [%]

(1) I/Br/Cl 96/24/0

As the experimental results show, the object is achieved by the process according to the invention. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A process comprising the process steps of: a) initially charging an olefin; b) adding a compound of formula (I):

where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are selected from: —H, —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl or —(C₆-C₂₀)-aryl, and R⁹ and R¹⁰ are selected from: —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl or —(C₆-C₂₀)-aryl, and, if R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰are —(C₆-C₂₀)-aryl, the aryl ring may have substituents selected from: —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl or —O—(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl; c) adding a Pt compound capable of forming a complex; d) adding an iodine compound or bromine compound; e) feeding in CO and H₂; f) heating the reaction mixture from steps a) to e), to convert the olefin to an aldehyde.
 2. The process according to claim 1, where R², R³, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ are selected from: —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl or —(C₆-C₂₀)-aryl.
 3. The process according to claim 1, where R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ are —(C₆-C₂₀)-aryl.
 4. The process according to claim 1, where R² and R³ are —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl.
 5. The process according to claim 1, where R¹and R⁴ are each —H.
 6. The process according to claim 1, where R⁹ and R¹⁰ are —(C₁-C₁₂)-alkyl.
 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the compound (I) has the structure (1):


8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the Pt compound is selected from: Pt(II)I₂, Pt(II)Br₂, Pt(IV)I₄, Pt(IV)Br₄, diphenyl(1,5-COD)Pt(II), Pt(II)(acac)₂, Pt(0)(PPh₃)₄, Pt(0)(DVTS) solution (CAS:68478-92-2), Pt(0)(ethylene)(PPh₃)₂, Pt(II)Br₂(COD), tris(benzylideneacetone)Pt(0), Pt(II)(OAC)₂ solution, Pt(0)(t-Bu)₂, Pt(II)(COD)Me₂, Pt(II)(COD)I₂, Pt(IV)IMe₃ or Pt(II)(hexafluoroacetylacetonate)₂.
 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein an iodine compound is added in process step d).
 10. The process according to claim 9, wherein the iodine compound is added in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 10, measured in equivalents based on Pt.
 11. The process according to claim 1, wherein a bromine compound is added in process step d).
 12. The process according to claim 11, wherein the bromine compound is added in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 10, measured in equivalents based on Pt.
 13. The process according to claim 1, comprising the additional process step e′): e′) adding a solvent.
 14. The process according to claim 1, wherein CO and H₂ is fed in at a pressure in a range from 1 MPa (10 bar) to 6 MPa (60 bar).
 15. The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature in the range from 25° C. to 150° C. 